Classroom Environment Management Essay

Designing a classroom where the environment is safe for the students and those providers who will be working with him or her will have adequate space, flexibility of surroundings, safety, and ease of access and mobility for both the students and providers is essential. The classroom environment for those students identified with learning, emotional and behavioral disabilities fosters positive educational and social growth by providing individual areas for students as well as establishing small group areas in an inviting environment. Attention to all styles of learning is sufficiently addressed through the uses of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic stimuli. In this reflection, an appropriate classroom environment plan will be highlighted relating to students with learning, emotional and behavioral disabilities in a high school setting and will be accompanied by a visual diagram of the actual set-up of our classroom through a graphic representation of the classroom attached as Appendix A. In order to establish a desirable classroom design for students with learning, emotional and behavioral disabilities (Kauffman, 2005), one of the first considerations would be to allow spaces for structured and non structured individual and small group instruction and activities Students need personal space to work independently with staff in a one-on-one setting, specifically if they are not cooperating, are hyperactive, are displaying limited self-control, or simply need to be alone for a brief period of time . In addition to providing for individual stations, several round tables are necessary which allow for small group interaction, thus, creating a sense of community and collaboration, are included in the classroom (Bos & Vaughn, 2006, p. 462-463). Moreover, the classroom should reflect an open floor concept through allowing adequate space between the individual and small group stations. Two round tables are located on one side of the room with three individual work stations on the other. Bookshelves (mounted to the wall) containing clearly labeled multiple resources are located on one end of the classroom. Separate bowls of stress relieving balls are placed on the tables and desks. These stress balls are especially useful when students are frustrated or having difficulty focusing his or her attention. Emergency exits are well-marked with evacuation and emergency procedures, next to classroom rules and expectations. Classroom exits are visually marked and all students are trained on emergency evacuation procedures, promoting safety and security in the classroom. Loose materials, such as scissors, rules, pens, pencils, markers and other instruments are located in support staff desks. The classroom environment is well-lit with both artificial energy efficient lighting and abundant natural lighting, and has large windows so the students can view the outdoors (U. S. Department of Energy, 2008). The lower halves of all windows are covered with bright paper so students will not be distracted by the outdoors (e. g. , people walking by, cars passing by), leaving the top half of the windows uncovered which allows for the sunlight to still come through. The natural lighting in the room is exhilarating when reflecting off the walls, which at times engages students to speak about weather and nature, promoting a welcoming learning environment. The atmosphere of the room is homey and welcoming and the walls are brightly painted and decorated with inspirationally themed posters throughout. Student work is displayed throughout the classroom, further enhancing the room and contributing to a sense of community and family. Background low volume music of various types is played to stimulate the environment. Technology is an effective and essential tool for delivering instruction and must be integrated into the classroom (Bos & Vaughn, 2006, p. 462-463). Computers are located on the individual desks throughout the room. Students all have unique ways of learning, some visually, some tactilely, and some auditorally. Given that an environment should be conducive to all types of learners, all of the above must be incorporated into classroom environment plan. Lastly, proper ventilation in a classroom is important. Temperatures that are too hot or too cold are not productive to student learning and performance and can generate or contribute to an increase in undesired behaviors or attitudes (U. S. Department of Energy, 2008). Students will become distracted by changes in the classroom and, as such, careful monitoring of the classroom temperature is required. Having windows in the classroom allows the students and staff to enjoy the fresh air outside, which again can promote discussion about nature, weather and the environment. Classrooms can be modified according to the specific disability being served regardless of the population’s limitations. An environment that is safe for the students and for those working with students is essential. Appropriately arranging the classroom to meet the specific needs of the students with whom one works is important. Properly defining small group areas, individual stations, a conducive, welcoming environment, with integrated technology, will all be beneficial to meet the needs of all students. This paper outlines a classroom environment for students with learning, emotional and behavioral disabilities.

Erikson’s Theory In Today’s Culture: A Reflection

A person’s personality directly affects how he conducts himself and ultimately, how he will live his life. In more ways than one, then, personality helps direct a person towards success. Having said this, it is no wonder that the development of a person’s personality has long been the subject of psychological research. Of the many theories in personality and child development, Erik Erikson’s is one of those that have stood the test of time. Perhaps this is largely due to the fact that unlike most theories, his covers the whole life cycle of man. It also helped that amongst the rather purist concepts – of the nature vs. urture phenomenon – his recognizes both the effect of internal development (of the body and the mind) and the influence of the outside world to a person’s personality. However adaptive Erikson’s psychosocial stages are, though, it is still important to reexamine it alongside our culture today, in order to gauge how effective and accurate it still is. On a general viewpoint, the main tenet of Erikson’s philosophy – that there are specific traits developed (or lost) in a particular stage in a person’s life – still holds even when analyzed alongside our ever-developing culture. This means that on most counts, contemporary culture has strengthened Erikson’s theory – not negate or redefine it. For example, that the viewpoint of a person with regard to how trustworthy the world is shaped during the early years is still true (whether that occurs exclusively during infancy is up to now subject to verification): recent studies of incidents of suicide show its relation to the formation during the early years of the basic belief I have earlier mentioned. Likewise, it is still true that a sense of autonomy is developed during the toddler years – when we learn to walk on our own, and feed and bathe ourselves. The continuous development of our educational system supports the two subsequent stages – play age and school age – in Erikson’s theory: indeed, it is during the time we start going to school and widening our circle that we develop initiative and the value of industry. As for the next stage, adolescence, it still is the case that during these years – in our struggle for independence from parents; in our attempt to develop romantic relationships and strengthen our ties with friends; in our quest to find the answer to the question â€Å"Who am I? † – we develop a deeper sense of our identity. I mentioned that on most counts, Erikson’s theory holds. There are several points in his work, however, that are redefined by a change in our culture. One of the most glaring changes would be in his stage of young adulthood. While it is true that during this time we seek love and a deeper relationship, more and more of the American youth opt to stay single until their thirties. Whereas before starting a family occurs at this stage, now having kids occurs more in Erikson’s next stage – middle adulthood. In my opinion, the high incidence of divorce nowadays, and the lure of leading a life devoid of the immense responsibility married life entails, instills in us the belief that having a family takes careful planning and thus, takes time. Upon examining Erikson’s theory, it is prevalent that he sees his stages as having a linear path; that is, the stages – and the development of the traits he singled out for each stage – occur one after the other, with each one having a direct effect on the stage it precedes. In simpler terms, then, if a person failed to develop trust in infancy, he will have a hard time cultivating autonomy in the next stage, if he even ever does. Such a pessimistic way of putting things, I believe, is doomed to criticism and negation in itself. How many times have we heard of success stories, of people who rose above a troubled childhood to find love and success in their adult lives? Erikson, it seems, failed to take into account the strength of the human spirit to rise above any predicament. If there is one characteristic of our culture and our world today that may hinder us from successfully navigating through Erikson’s psychosocial stages, it is their being fast-paced. In an environment where success is predominantly measured by what you own, we are driven to lead lives that place personal relationships in the back seat. Given this fact, it is possible that more and more of us will fail to resolve a crisis or two in the â€Å"right time†, as outlined in Erikson’s work. I believe, however, that despite this fact, in the end we will still tackle the issues inherent in our struggle to form our identity, and we will still be able to resolve them all.

Business and Administration Essay Sample

You should utilize this file to finish your Assessment.* The first thing you need to make is salvage a transcript of this papers. either onto your computing machine or a disc * Then work through your Assessment. retrieving to salvage your work on a regular basis * When you’ve finished. print out a transcript to maintain for mention * Then. travel to www. vision2learn. com and direct your completed Assessment to your coach via your My Study country – make certain it is clearly marked with your name. the class rubric and the Unit and Assessment figure. Please note that this Assessment papers has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Section 1 – Know the employment rights and duties of the employee and employer 1. Identify four chief points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible. utilize an illustration contract to back up your reply ( experience free to befog any confidential information ) . A Contract of Employment should include the undermentioned:1. Name of both the employee and the Employer. This transcript of my contract besides includes the day of the month of beginning. 2. Job Title. topographic point of work and duties.3. Rate of Pay.4. Hours of Work. 2a ) List three cardinal points of statute law that affect employers in a concernenvironment. 1. Health A ; Safety2. Data Protection Act 19883. Employment Rights and Duties 2b ) List three cardinal points of statute law that affect employees in a concern environment. 1. Health A ; Safety2. Pay A ; Pensions3. Employment Rights A ; Duties 3. Identify a scope of topographic points where a individual can happen information on employment rights and duties. You should place at least two internal and two external beginnings of information. Information sing employment rights and duties can be found in a legion sum of different topographic points. Statutory employment rights can be found within most libraries every bit good as citizen advice agency. The information will most probably be provided within a brochure signifier. slug indicating the chief countries of concern. Another External beginning of information sing rights and duties is the cyberspace. Many web sites will supply both statutory every bit good as contractual employment rights. These Web sites include the undermentioned Direct. gov. United Kingdom this is the authorities run website. another is ACAS. org this provides information used by trade brotherhoods. Internal beginnings of information can be used to happen information sing rights and duties ; these are more likely to be specific to the industry as opposed to employment in general. This information can be found within company’s enchiridion. The enchiridion will sketch a company’s polici es of different issues ; these will include vacations. unifrom. grudge and disciplinary processs. Dismissal. Sick Pay. This is non a contract so hence the information provided within the enchiridion will be capable to everyone within the work force. non as an person. Manuals such as Health and Safety or Legal manuals can besides supply internal beginnings of information. These will include elaborate history for who within a company is responsible for what. where and why. 4. Describe how representative organic structures can back up employees. Representative organic structures come under two classs. Trade brotherhoods and non trade brotherhoods. The difference being that trade brotherhoods are an official representative. although both can back up employees in many different ways. Both administrations can supply employees with specific information in respects to the field of work they are within. This can include Financial. Legal. Educational every bit good as informing employees what benefits they are entitled to do usage of. Representative organic structures are besides allowed to attach to employees to certain meetings ; these can be anything from Disciplinary. Grievance to workplace alterations. Representatives provide the employee with the information they believe is in the best involvement of the employee as opposed to the employer. take a firm standing that people’s rights are maintained within their work environment. 5. Briefly describe employer and employee duties for equality and diverseness in a concern environment. You should give at least two employer duties and two employee duties. If possible. supply relevant equality and diverseness processs from your workplace ( or topographic point of survey ) to back up your reply. These paperss should be annotated to foreground the relevant subdivisions. In 2010 parliament passed the equality act 2010. This act was passed to censor the unjust intervention of people who may differ from others. Using Four Previous Acts: Equality pay act 1970. sex favoritism act 1975. race dealingss act 1976 Disability favoritism act 1995. the authorities implemented the alterations to how people could be treated within employment. instruction and services. The Equality act protects people’s spiritual beliefs. sexual orientation. age. disablement from being used against them. Consequently concerns and administrations have policies which are enforced within the workplace to guarantee that this act isn’t broken. Employers have to do certain that all staff are trained on what is required from them in order to take part within implementing the act. They will hold to guarantee they have sufficient transcripts of the policy within all on the job environments and that all staff are aware of where to happen this information for when and if they require it. It is the duty of the employee to guarantee that they enforce the statute law within their immediate on the job environment. Employers should besides be cognizant that they should inform higher direction when they witness the act non being implementing it. leting higher direction to cover with the state of affairs and supply more equal preparation if required. Below is an image of a statement included within Betfred’s Company profile. within the staff enchiridion. This highlights what the employers expect from their employee and the effects of non implementing the statute law. This is merely their statement and more information can be found within the staff enchiridion. Betfred staff enchiridion. Company Profile. Page 6 6. Briefly explain the benefits of doing certain equality and diverseness processs are followed in a concern environment. Your reply should include one benefit for the employer. one benefit for the employee and one benefit for the overall administration. There are many benefits in guaranting that equality and diverseness processs are carried out right within concerns. non merely to employers but employees excessively. Employees will profit from working within an administration that has these processs set in topographic point for promotional grounds. An employee regardless of gender. race faith etc will cognize that publicities and developing strategies will be given out due to the virtue of their work. as a consequence promoting the employee to seek their best at everything they do. This therefore is advantageous to the employer. When an employee knows that difficult work dramas off and will be recognised for the right grounds. they are more likely to set more attempt and go more efficient within their on the job environment. Therefore in clip this will hike the productiveness or service of the company. accordingly bring forthing higher degrees of net income. When a company’s net incomes increase so will their repute. This wil l accordingly do the administration attract to possible employers. When an person is cognizant of a positive working environment. they will desire to work for that company. This will intend the administration will hold the choice of the best staff about. maintaining them at the top of their game. Section 2 – Understand the intent of wellness. safety and security processs in a concern environment 1. Identify employer and employee duties for wellness. safety and security. If possible. supply relevant wellness. safety and security policies / paperss from your workplace ( or topographic point of survey ) to back up your reply. These paperss should be annotated to foreground the relevant subdivisions. The Health and Safety at work act etc 1974. identifies the responsibilities of employers. employees. contractors. providers and anyone who manages and maintains a on the job environment. It stipulates who is responsible for what. when and why. It stipulates that all employees have a right to work in a hazard free safe environment in which employers are responsible for. However. it besides states that everyone has a duty for guaranting wellness and safety within the work topographic point. Employers must guarantee all working environments have an up to day of the month hazard appraisal. explicating to the user what any hazards are and how they should be controlled and who is responsible for them. Employers must supply any wellness and safety preparation possible every bit good as supplying the safety equipment which may be required for the occupation. E. g. Hard chapeau. overalls. protective baseball mitts. Employers must guarantee they have the certification required such as accident books. They should besides guarantee rinsing ; lavatory and imbibing installations are provided. Employee’s responsibilities differ to that of the employer. Employees must guarantee that they follow all preparation received and utilize all the protective equipment they have been provided with. Employers must guarantee they take duty for their ain wellness and safety but for their co-workers excessively. Finally an employee has the duty to guarantee the relevant people are informed when they witness person non following the right process and hence put on the lining their ain safety but besides the safety of others. Below is a transcript of the wellness and safety policy within my ain on the job environment. Each store contains two transcripts of the policy. One is displayed on position for staff at all times and one is kept within the wellness and safety booklet. which every store has. It stipulates the employee and employers duties. Betfred Health A ; Safety General Policy. 2. Explain the intent of following wellness. safety and security processs in a concern environment. The Purpose of following Health. safety and security processs. is to guarantee everyone has a safe working environment every bit good as people sing the working environment. A major intent of the processs and constabularies is to guarantee everyone is cognizant of theirs and others duties. vouching everyone implements these when they are required. There are many grounds why we should follow these processs. The most of import intent would be to follow the jurisprudence. The Health and safety at work act etc 1974. is a general wellness and safety policy which enforces certain Torahs to which all concerns have to follow. However. most industries are besides restricted by other Torahs which are set in topographic point such as Working Time Directive and Working Time Regulations. every bit good as Data protection Act 1998. Ignoring the process to guarantee these Torahs are abided can take to personal and organizational mulcts every bit good as closing of the concern ensuing in occupation losingss. Organisational regulations besides ties to the Law. The Law will be implemented with administrations regulations. hence if an employee was to interrupt the organizational regulations they are besides likely to be interrupting the jurisprudence. This can take to disciplinary processs which could take to dismissal. every bit good as legal action. The intent of following these processs has moral deductions excessively. It is morally right to maintain employees. clients and others safe from injury. Therefore everyone demands to be cognizant of the processs set in rock. The effects of neglecting to follow with the processs can be highly damaging non merely to the employers but besides to the employee. Loss of usage can impact concerns with bad wellness and safety as clients will travel elsewhere. failure to follow with legal deductions can incur costs such as mulcts. and compensation. which can ensue in redundancies and possible closing of concerns. This affects the employee as they will lose their occupation and hence income. This is why is it important that everybody take duty and dramas there portion in following the processs set in rock as they are at that place for everyone’s security. 3. Describe three different ways of keeping a safe and unafraid concern environment. Keeping a safe and unafraid concern environment can be done in many ways. One of these ways would be personal protection. as stated in the Health and Safety at work Act etc 1974. everyone has the duty to guarantee their ain safety. This can be done in a few different ways. Employees must guarantee they wear all the protective cogwheel provided for them at all the times they are required to make. They should guarantee they wear no points that can go debatable within the occupation that they may make. Not being bothered to have on protective chapeaus or baseball mitts or have oning wrong footwear to work. can both ensue in unsafe state of affairss non merely to the person but perchance to those working around them. Health and Safety would be amplified if everybody ensured their personal protection. Guaranting a safe and unafraid environment can besides be increased by personal behavior. How people behave in work can hold major reverberations on how safe and procure the working environm ent can be. Bad behavior which would be damaging to the safe and security of work could include the undermentioned behavior: practical gags on buildings sites which do travel incorrect. being intoxicated and hung over. can hold terrible deductions both in physical and academic places. terrible fatigue can take to miss of concentration. All of the above behavior can badly impact the working environment and present major hazards. By guaranting that none of this behavior takes topographic point within the workplace. wellness and safety issues will diminish guaranting that all policies are being implemented decently. Another manner of maintain a safe and unafraid environment would be to follow instructions. These can be providers. industries and even employers instructions. When a provider or maker has instructions of a merchandise. they are at that place for a ground. By supplying the terminal user with a set of instructions. ensures that the merchandise is used in the safest most effectual manner. These instructions can run from the how to utilize label on a cleaning merchandise or how to utilize a power tool. Employers besides provided instructions for the same ground. Although administrations instructions won’t needfully come on a label on a merchandise they are still given to guarantee an activity is done r ight in order to guarantee security and safety. These instructions may be to guarantee the security of informations. There are many different ways in which a concern environment can be maintained safely and firmly. but as shown in the three illustrations supra. most of the ways depend on the employee to guarantee their ain safety excessively. Section 3 – Understand how to pass on efficaciously with others 1. Complete the tabular array below with descriptions of different methods of communicating. You should include two verbal. two non-verbal and two written methods of communicating. Methods of communication| DescriptionVerbal communication| 1. One to One DiscussionsThis includes one individual speaking to another. This may merely merely affect one co-worker taking to another about the work in manus. This can besides include monthly action program meetings to discourse issues. 2. Telephone ConversationThis is a simple. speedy and convenient signifier of communicating and can be used for all different degrees of communicating. | Non-verbal communication| 1. Facial ExpressionsPeople’s Facial looks can besides pass on how people feel. Peoples smiling when hearing could be taken as they agree or promote what is being said. Sleep togethering 1s face up or glowering would pass on a concern for what is being said. 2. PostureA Persons Posture or Body Language can pass on to others how they are experiencing about a state of affairs. Positive Position could include sitting unsloped. looking at the talker and shoulders thrown back and chest out. | Written communicati on| 1. EmailsEmails can be used in order to inform a batch of people of the same message. Electronic mails can besides be used to go through in-depth information to those required. Attachments can be added with big files added. 2. MemosMemos tend to be used in big administrations in order to go through the same message to all subdivisions of the administration. These Memos will incorporate a brief description of what is required of those reading the memo. 2. Using two specific illustrations. explicate how to take the most appropriate method of communicating to run into your demands and the demands of others. Communication is required in all elements of concerns and administrations. from the informal to the formal scenes. Businesss hence need to use different attacks to who. what and how they wish to pass on with people and concern to concern communicating. The two illustrations below show how communicating information in different formats suits different hearers demands. Example 1 A New Gambling Law is introduced and a bookmakers needs to inform all staff about the alterations this make to them. First the Bookmakers will look at the company’s hierarchy and hence make up ones mind how the information will be communicated down the construction. This is most likely to be delivered to higher direction such as caputs of sections and regional/ Area Managers. in the format of a presentation. The Company will look at what they require from the result of the presentation which would be for those present to be derive the cognition and apprehension of the new statute law in order to travel Forth and develop lower direction and staff of what will be required of them. The Presentation will be within a formal scene in order to derive the full attending of the hearer due to the importance of the information being communicated. The mark audience will already hold a high competence of the industry and the slang used so the information provided within the presentation ca n be extremely elaborate and ocular AIDSs can be used to assist derive an apprehension of the information given. Example 2 A Company wishes to inform staff of the right process when taking the twenty-four hours of sick. A Company policy is already set in topographic point but a per centum of staff haven’t been following the right process. The company hence wishes the result of the information being communicated to be that staff will adhere to the right process. Due to the result the degree of communicating can be a written papers. The Company can direct a standard memo to all stores across the company guaranting all staff is cognizant of the right process. Therefore the mark audience is shop staff. direction included. Because the information is already provided within the enchiridion. the intent of the memo is to merely review people’s memories of how the process should be carried out. therefore a memo being less formal. The message doesn’t have to complex it merely merely needs to put in rock what is acceptable and what is non acceptable. The Handbook should be referenced within the memo informing staff where the regulations are and the effects of interrupting them. This is a simple manner of guaranting a message is delivered to all staff. It gets the point across is a simple elaborate manner. guaranting the terminal user obtains the information. 3. Describe at least two ways of actively listening. Active Listening demands to happen in order to retain all the information that is being provided. There are many ways that people can go active hearers. This includes inquiring inquiries. By inquiring inquiries the hearer become synergistic with the talker. and highlights the parts they find hard or disagree with. therefore doing the hearer retain more of the information given. When inquiring inquiries the hearer will so go more motivated to implement the message being portrayed. Another manner of going an active hearer is by doing notes. Making notes will assist the hearer after the meeting to retrieve what was said and hence implement the message of the meeting. Note taking can besides promote the talker to go on supplying the cognition required. Section 4 – Understand how to work with and back up co-workers 1. Explain the intent of holding criterions for your ain work. Give at least two grounds.Administrations draft a criterion of work policy in order to inform everyone within a company what is expected from them every bit good as from the people around them. Having these criterions set in topographic point aid for a smoother workplace. Employees need to guarantee they know what is required of them in order to work at a more efficient degree. Many administrations include a unvarying Dress codification ; some will include a set uniform provided to them by the administration usually including a company logo. Some will merely include smart office wear such as Trousers. Shirt A ; Tie. Others may include uniforms set by jurisprudence for illustration. difficult chapeaus on building sites and hair cyberspaces within nutrient and hygiene environments will be specified within the criterions of work policy. Behavioral criterions will be included and will differ for every company in order to specialize to the single service or merchandise being sold. Behavioral criterions stipulate the acceptable work behavior of what is accepted and what won’t be tolerated. Many Retail companies will stipulate that staff members that wish to smoke make so off from the entrywaies and issues of the shop. guaranting this does non impact the customers’ needs. Both Employees and Employers need to hold to criterions of work in order for them to work expeditiously aboard each other. Without the criterions of work employers can’t efficaciously monitor an employee’s work public presentation. And with the absence of criterions of work employees can be lead by personal reading taking to conflict with others sing what is and what isn’t expected. making a hostile working environment. 2. Explain the intent of taking on new challenges and being able to accommodate to alter at work. More valuable to workLearn new accomplishmentsHow administrations and co-workers will experience towardsyuo if immune Nothing in this universe stays the same forever. therefore we all evolve over clip this includes concern excessively. There are many factors that encourage alteration within concern ; two factors that work side by side are clients and engineering. 3. Explain the intent of handling others with honestness and consideration. Honesty encourages trust which in bend encourages higher degree of productiveness Consideration shows tha you respect others beliefsor positions and can stioll work along side one another. If honest and respectful how will it do workBuild better dealingssHow others would handle you if you were non Section 5 – Know how to be after ain work and be accountable to others 1. Explain the intent of run intoing work criterions and deadlines when finishing undertakings in a concern environment. Why is it of import to run into work criterions set of youConsequences of non run intoing them 2. Describe two different methods that you can utilize to be after your ain work in a concern environment. 3. Describe ways of maintaining other people informed about advancement and compare their effectivity. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each attack? Keeping people informed sing your advancement within the work topographic point is critical. Informing the relevant people makes a important impact on the effectivity of the work done. There are many ways of maintaining people informed about the advancement of your work. One of these methods could include calling people. The telephone within concern is a critical communicating excessively non merely with other co-workers but within gross revenues it is an priceless tool. Telephones within the work environment are depended upon to direct and have messages instantly. This can be done non merely office to office. but from state to state. therefore leting critical information to be available to people instantly. Therefore advancement can be reported on an hourly footing if required. Although the telephone is a speedy and easy method to pass on with others. many people believe this can besides do the effectivity of the telephone to be reduced. Having the telephone available to utilize instantly. it can take to being usage to extra and hence perchance impeding others work. if over used. Unlike other signifiers of communicate. with a telephone there is nil written down. so some information is left to personal reading and memory is relied upon extremely. Therefore some people like to trust upon the written word to be able to mention back to if needed. particularly when seeking to maintain several people informed sing different sectors of work. Electronic mails are besides used within the work topographic point to inform people of advancement of work. Electronic mails allow people to direct more elaborate information to a group of people at the same. U like a telephone conversation it is ever available for mention unless deleted. This therefore allows all people requ ired to be given the same advancement studies at the same clip. Electronic mails allow people to direct fond regards. hence leting others to see the work in advancement for themselves instead than taking the word of others. Although electronic mails are another speedy and convenient usage of communicating. it besides comes with some drawbacks. Electronic mails are impersonal and can be easy misinterpreted. intending sometimes they may hold to be more elaborate to do certain people gage the right apprehension. Although electronic mails are sent instantly to the receiving system. it is non needfully read instantly therefore the message is merely read when the receiving system makes the clip to read them. This can be destructive if the message is needed to be dealt with every bit shortly as possible. However. the usage of smart phones has reduced this ; it is still merely effectual if the receiving system reads them. People within concern know is it imperative they keep the needed people informed of their work. taking the method of communicating wou ld depend on the information needed to be received. Major jobs would necessitate a beginning of communicating that immediate and direct ; where as a advancement study with jobs could be communicated via another method. Section 6 – Understand the intent of bettering ain public presentation in a concern environment and how to make so 1. Explain the intent of continuously bettering your public presentation in a concern environment. Everybody should desire to be the best. at what they do for many grounds ; the lone manner you can accomplish this is by continuously bettering the work you do. If an employee doesn’t want to better they have no opportunity of making a higher degree within the work topographic point. hence cut downing their opportunity O succed within their occupation. They are restricting themselves of cognition. power and accomplishments that can be gained from bettering their public presentation. There are many grounds why employees should wish to go on in bettering themselves at work. Many concerns have bonus or committee scheme’s. promoting the employee to endeavor to make their best. Fiscal addition can actuate while honoring the employee to accomplish a higher work public presentation. Having these systems in topographic point can increase the employees apprehension of the company’s net incomes and loss and do them more accountable for the work they do. Some concerns use w agess alternatively of fillips. nevertheless they still work in the same manner. They may non offer hard currency but may offer more holiday yearss. offering inducements to better at work. Therefore it is in the benefit of the employee to seek their hardest for their ain addition every bit good as the companies gain. Some Companies review their staff and aid betterment through the usage of personal reappraisals or assessments. These are used as single ends to promote betterment. Failing to accomplish these ends can intend more regular assessments to foreground where the employee is traveling incorrect. This is hence likely to impact the employee. administrations and co-workers in a negative manner. Therefore seeking to better your public presentation at work will take to a higher criterion of occupation satisfaction. This will happen by the administration knowing you are bettering through assessments. co-workers cognizing everybody is drawing their just weight. Another intent of go oning to better public presentation at work once more Idaho for personal addition. Administrations wont promote employees they believe don’t strive to be the best. Bing lazy gets you nowhere. Therefore if an employee’s employer knows they are endeavoring for better public presentation at work they are more likely to be consider for publicity. This can besides use to come oning perchance to another concern. If an employee was to continuously better their public presentation in the work topographic point they would be given a good mention for another occupation. hence deriving what they want. With promotion/ new occupations they brings higher rate of wage. more duty and a better occupation. This will more likely addition the employee’s occupation satisfaction. As a consequence the chief intent in go oning to better their public presentation at work would be for personal addition. The options available to a difficult worker are far more than that of a lazy person. A difficult worker can derive financially and happiness within work. 2. Describe at least two ways of bettering your public presentation at work. Where relevant. exemplify your reply with specific illustrations from your ain experience. No 1 is Perfect. Consequently this means everyone can and should better where possible. First the person would necessitate to acknowledge that the country of work could be improved. There are many ways people can better their work. these could include. larning from errors. Performance Reviews. and Observations. Everybody makes errors nevertheless the best of people take that error and travel Forth and learn from it. Some errors can be fiddling and minor and some can be because major jobs. in order to larn from errors. an person will necessitate to place the job. admit the job. apologise and inform the relevant people sing what mistakes has happened. By making this. the person will observe non to make it once more and can besides place where they went incorrect and how to avoid it. if the same state of affairs were to happen. This will do the person more argus-eyed within their work and hence increase the public presentation. My occupation involves taking peoples stakes. interpreting them and paying them out. Unfortunately I one time didn’t look into a stake decently and unfortunately over paid a client. This was highlighted to me by direction and I was given a warning. I admitted that I had done incorrect explicating the fortunes of the state of affairs. and have since neer made the same error. therefore bettering the efficiency of my work. Performance reappraisal is besides a manner of promoting an person to better their public presentation at work. A public presentation reappraisal can happen on a regular footing and is a meeting between and employee and Manager where they discuss and evaluate the public presentation of the employee. Within the meeting old appraisals/reviews will be shown in order to see if the employee has made any betterment. The new reappraisal will include what developing the single demands in order to increase public presentation. high spot in what country they need to better and it will besides include the strengths of the employees work public presentatio n. Performance reappraisals are advantageous to the employee because they highlight to the employer what preparation they need to better but the employee can see where they need to better and can put ends for themselves and with the company. Because within many reappraisals and assessments companies include the strengths of the employee. they don’t feel like they are being attacked and this helps do the employee experience more apprehended which is likely to increase the enthusiasm in desiring to accomplish the ends. 3. Briefly describe at least two different types of calling tracts that may be available to you. I am presently a Shop Manager of bookmakers. I have worked there for the past four old ages and have bit by bit climbed the ladder from cashier to director. By wholly this Business and Administration Course I have a assortment of different calling waies. A calling way is influenced by many inquiries some could be. what occupation I want to make? What industry? And for how long do I anticipate to be making it for? I can remain within the same company I am presently working for and increase the degree of duty or even see traveling into the caput office or an Administration occupation if and when 1 was available. Another Career Path I have considered would be to transport on with instruction. and derive a higher degree of Business Administration. Possibly see making a Degree in Business Management which would besides spread out the available calling waies at the terminal of the grade. I have besides considered looking for Administrative occupations within a different industry other than chancing. Section 7 – Understand the types of jobs that may happen in a concern environment and how to cover with them 1. Identify at least two different types of jobs that can happen in a concern environment. Businesss occur many of jobs on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing. These jobs are out in to two different classs. Major and Minor. in order to prioritize the demand to repair them. Minor jobs. are little and obvious. They tend to be easy identifies and easy to repair. These tend to be able to be dealt with by employees. Major jobs will hold terrible effects. need careful consideration. necessitate adept sentiments and will be dealt with higher direction. Employees need to be able to place a minor job from a major and besides cognize how to cover the jobs they face. 2. Complete the tabular array below by depicting at least two specific jobs that can happen at work and how they can be dealt with. Problem| Covering with the problem|1. Staff Member Telephoning in Sick| Ensure the staff member has completed the right process when calling in ill. Reach other members of staff in order to happen screen of the shift/s. Inform Higher Management A ; Payroll of the alteration of staffing. Log illness in order to notice forms. | 2. Computer Failure| Identify the Problem that has occurred with the computerIf job identifiable and fixable. attempt and decide the issue at that place and so. If job unidentifiable. refer the job to other by pealing the appropriate extension e. g. IT department/ MaintenanceProvide as much information as possible sing the issue. foregrounding the importance of the equipment needed. | 3. Complete the tabular array below by naming at least two jobs you are able to cover with yourself and two jobs you would necessitate to mention to others to cover with ( and how you would mention these jobs ) . Problems I can cover with: | Problems I would necessitate to mention to others: | How are jobs referred to others? | 1. Asking people for ID. Guaranting I am following with statute law. I would inquire the client if they had any designation fro age. if they did I would observe down their Name. DOB and signifier of ID shown. This will subsequently be logged within our societal conformity booklet. If they had no ID they would be asked to go forth and this would besides be noted down within the societal conformity. | 1. Crime occurringWithin my occupation I have the duty to be cognizant that people may utilize our constitutions to fund or help condemnable activity. In this case I would mention the issue. supplying them all the information I know about the state of affairs. | In This state of affairs I would do a note of the suggested offense or assistance to offense. I would compose a elaborate description within the societal conformity booklet which is used to supply grounds that we co mply with the Gambling act 2005. I would besides reach the societal conformity director who is responsible for every shops conformity issues. And if necessary would pealing the constabulary. | 2. Staffing issues These jobs could affect people being absent from work. staff fortunes may alter. struggle between members of staff. All of the above issues can be dealt with by the shop director. This could be done instantly or with staff meetings depending on the issue. | 2. Large BetsWithin wagering stores we have bounds on the sum of money we can take on one stake. This is determined by caput office. due to profits/loss. If a client wants to put a big sum of money on a stake or a little sum that would return a batch we need to mention the issue to the referral and credence section. | To Cover with the issue. I would pealing the section explicate the ground why I am pealing. Using their more in-depth cognition of the betting markets and other stakes place they will so state me whether I can accept the stake or if I can’t. Sometimes they will accept the stake but for a smaller sum. I would so go through the information onto the client. and guarantee the determination made by the referral sec tion.

Service Learning Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Service Learning Assigment - Essay Example The labor involved is what really opens up the mind and heart so the true meaning of stewardship can be revealed. The Arlington Chinese Church is a Christian organization that serves the spiritual needs of the Chinese community in Arlington and beyond. In addition to these spiritual needs, the Arlington Chinese Church works to provide cultural understanding, educational opportunity for Mandarin speakers and childcare services. The organization of the church centers on Pastor Leung and his wife Grace. Assisting them in their work is Brenda Bateman, Jason Tsai and Grace Lau. This core group of staff works together to meet the missions of the church. Most members of the church are Mandarin Chinese immigrants that have converted to Christianity. They are adjusting to their place in American society as immigrants and adjusting to the teachings of a new religion. The Arlington Chinese Church is a missionary minded organization. They take the mandate given to disciples to go into the entire world to spread the Gospel very seriously. The have a number of outreach programs to the Chinese community in and around Arlington as well as missions they support in several countries. All of this results in an influx of new immigrants and Christians into the church on a regular basis. New converts need to have the gospel shared with them in a simple, straightforward manner. Their spiritual needs must be met with exceedingly great compassion because there is much for them to learn about their new country and their new religion. After meeting with Reverend Leung and Brenda Bateman, the staff felt that I could best help meet the needs of the church in two areas. One area was working with the children in the daycare center. Another area was in the food service for some of our cultural meetings. Serving in these two areas helped me to more fully understand the true meaning of selfless service and

Creating a Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creating a Business - Term Paper Example Where capital sourcing is not a problem, the biggest challenge is coming up with a business idea. New business ideas can be generated from one’s previous work or industry experience, hobby or interest, or from an evident opportunity that comes out of an existing need or demand of a potential market. The type of business may either be service oriented, manufacturing, or retailing. Another decision to consider is the form of organization, whether to operate as a single owner, or as a partnership or a corporation. It is important to consider one’s personal strength or weaknesses in determining which type of business to undertake for greater success (www.prenhall.com). Finally, there is the challenge of putting everything into a written business plan, which serves as the business road map. The business plan contains the description of the proposed business, industry analysis (including SWOT analysis), mission and vision statement, product development (goods or services), proposed location of the business, management plan, marketing plan (target market, niche or mainstream, pricing and distribution), financial plan, and the scope of operation (local, national, or global) (www.prenhall.com). A â€Å"niche† product is a specialized good or service that is produced or offered to satisfy the special demand or need of a smaller segment targeted market of an existing or mainstream market. It is narrow in focus and is â€Å"designed to appeal to a subset of the mainstream† (www.homebiz-direct.com) Within a stable economic condition, good management and marketing strategies, a niche company may have an advantage in a market because there are few market players less competitors. A niche company’s specialization in a niche product or service is in the best position to address increasing customer satisfaction level in that niche. Another advantage is that a niche company can dictate the price of the niche commodity. However, price would only be an

Leadership Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Leadership - Case Study Example Historical leadership possesses some important attributes that are useful in the development of desirable modern leadership. According to the author, past leaders such as biblical leaders provide important insights in modern leadership despite differences in modern leadership such as accumulation of wealth in the long run. Therefore, leadership requires incorporation of charisma to build strong relationships suitable for devotion to organizations’ mission. Leadership should also transform organizations to adapt to the changing world while maintaining ethics. Additionally, leadership entails personal responsibility and commitment both during organizational successes and failures. Leadership also ought to pursue new strategies essential to organizational success. Furthermore, leadership is about service rather than self-advancement hence keenness in honoring all duties. Moreover, leadership should be within the confines of universal principles of leadership. Incorporation of suc h attributes is bound to improve leadership quality significantly. The success of modern organizations requires effective leadership able to incorporate and maintain trust hence commitment. Additionally, modern leadership requires attainment of set goals through moral and ethical strategies. As such, the perspectives stipulated in this article are essential in modern leadership cutting across all organizations either business oriented or

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Reflection paper - Essay Example The book has therefore enabled me to prepare for my future life beyond my school days. In this paper, I will present a reflection on the book â€Å"Ethics in the Design Industry â€Å"with, emphasis to its influence on my personal development. This is because the book analyzes different aspects that currently affect the design industry from a global perspective. The book starts with product development and focus on issues of advertisement and distribution. The chapter 6-10 of the book also touches on issues of sale promotion for design products. In these analyses, the book focuses on different ethical considerations that players working in the industry need to consider. The different issues raised by the book concerning ethical consideration will therefore be of great benefit to my future business plans. My proposed business will be run according to the ethics demonstrated in chapter 6-10 of the book. As a potential businessperson, I look forward to establish several retail outlets that will enable distribution of my products. The book has talks of shop lifting as a behavior that is increasingly becoming popular with shoppers. Shoplifting is the act whereby, shoppers or employees remove merchandise from a store without paying for it. This behavior is unethical and hence unwanted in any organization since it causes massive losses. To restrict such behavior, I will enforce strict ethical requirement as a prerequisite for all new employees. I will also need to install warning signs in all retail outlets informing shoppers of the negativities of shoplifting. The book will also be useful to other students who are looking forward to joining the corporate world. This is because the book contains rich content on the conduct of employees and potential employees. It is the wish of every student to get a job with a leading company in the world. As a future employer, I have also found the book to be

Design models of Facebook and Safari Research Paper

Design models of Facebook and Safari - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Google Chrome and Safari belong in the category of the client/server structure as they have servers that provide services to subsystems, which are clients. Every client has known how the interface of the server looks like but the server has no use knowing how the interface of the client looks like. The response of the server to the client and vice versa is immediate. The end users do not need to be involved in any kind of interactions with the server and therefore all interactions are limited to the client. The client enables the user to input data into the system and then takes over the processing of the data input. The use of this kind of architecture is to enable the creation of a user-friendly application for the client. The server, on the other hand, manages the data from a centralized location and takes care of the security of the database. This model structure, however, has a flow as there is no peer to peer communication betwee n the server and the client. Peer to peer communication is a necessity in this kind of structure and often needed. Dropbox, icloud, Instagram and Google drive belong to the architectural style of peer to peer where the servers and clients can be peers and clients can be servers while at the same time servers can be clients. Microsoft PowerPoint belongs to the repository architectural style where subsystems have the ability to access and modify any data using a solitary structure called the repository.

Masking Poor Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Masking Poor Communication - Essay Example I remember the time when I told my husband that it would be nice to go on a vacation during the Christmas break. On my mind however, we cannot afford the vacation yet because of some bills which we still have to pay. Unfortunately, my husband thought that I was making a hint for him to plan a vacation. I assumed that he understood that it was just a thought and did not require a plan of action. On his end, he assumed that I was asking him to schedule one. What happened is we had to go ahead with the vacation since the booking was made already but of course, I felt it was an unnecessary expense. The good thing though is that we both enjoyed our time together. But miscommunication does not always have a happy ending. Some of our miscommunication experiences are sometimes quite frustrating. To try to resolve this problem of miscommunication and to make sure that it will be minimized in the future, it is important that I do not assume that I understand or my partner understands (Thompson , n.d.). I should confirm what I heard by repeating what the other person said. If for example, my partner told me that we will meet at the corner coffee shop at 9:00 am, I will confirm by repeating and saying, â€Å"We will meet at the corner coffee shop at 9:00 am.† The implicit rule is to double check with each other (Thompson, n.d.).

What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith Essay Example for Free

What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith Essay Comparison of â€Å"What it’s like to be a black girl† and Country Lovers Many people don’t realize just how far back African American Literature dates back to, it really started back in the 18th century. These types of scripts have a tendency to concentrate on topics of racism, inner struggles, slavery, prejudice, and the quest of sovereignty as well as equality. The two well-known writers on this subject matter are Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith. During the course of this paper, actualities of the short story Country Lovers, by Nadine Gordimer and the poem, â€Å"What it’s Like to Be a Black Girl,† by Patricia Smith, will be associated and compared to each other in respects to form, style, and content. When reading this short story and poem, the reader will come to realize that both of the main characters are the protagonist black females, only because they both have to deal with judgement from others because of who they are based on their race or the color of their skin. In the short story entitled â€Å"Country Lovers† which was written by Nadine Gordimer in 1975† (Clugston, 2010), is about a prohibited love amongst a young black girl named Thebedi and a young white boy named Paulus Eysendyck. The two leading characters Paulus and Thebedi were raised up together since they were little children. The two of them frolicked together and consumed much of their juvenile days with one another. Time passed, they begin to mature, and they became detached from each other. As the two children became older, they realized that could not be seen in public together, for the reason of race and their family status in the community. During the course of this short story there are numerous dramaturgical effects. The first takes place when the narrator talks about Paulus going away to school â€Å"This usefully coincides with the age of twelve or thirteen; so that by the time early adolescence is reached, the black children are making along with the bodily changes common to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call their old playmates missus and baasie little master† (Clugston, 2010). Though, the connection formed among them as youngsters was still present, n either Paulus’ or Thebedi’s parents not once banned them from hanging out with one another, but there was constantly this silent awareness that they both recognized it to be immoral, since they constantly seemed to be disguise or fabricate the fact that they did spend a lot of time together. A sample of this is when Paulus arrived home from school and gave Thebedi a gift. â€Å"She told her father the missus had given them to her as a reward for some works she had done-it was true she sometimes was called to help out in the farmhouse. She told the girls in the kraal that she had a sweetheart nobody knew about, tat away, away on another farm, and they giggled, and teased, and admired her. There was a boy in the kraal called Njabulo who said he wished he could have brought her a belt and ear–rings† (Clugston, 2010). As the story continues the reader will see the damage of the loss of purity and prohibited love, as expressed here when Paulus takes notice of Thebedi as she splash in the water â€Å"The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighboring farms wore bikinis but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came up the bank and sat beside him, the drops of water beading off her dark legs the only points of light in the earth–smelling deep shade. They were not afraid of one another, they had known one another always; he did with her what he had done that time in the storeroom at the wedding, and this time it was so lovely, so lovely, he was surprised . . . and she was surprised by it, too—he could see in her dark face that was part of the shade, with her big dark eyes, shiny as soft water, watching him attentively: as she had when they used to huddle over their teams of mud oxen, as she had when he told her about detention weekends at school.† (Clugston, 2010). The reader gets a taste of how bad discrimination can be just before the end of this short story, when Paulus Eysendyck comes home from the veterinary college for the holiday season. This is when he discovers Thebedi had a baby. When he discovers information about the baby, he goes to Thebedi’s shed to see for himself if the information was true he was hearing. When he gets to the shed he gets a glimpse of the baby first hand â€Å"He struggled for a moment with a grimace of tears, anger, and self–pity. He said, You havent been near the house with it?’ (Clugston, 2010). By his antiphon after the discovery that the two of them produced a life for the period of their prohibited affair, demonstrates just how much he recognized, the fact that such thing would not be accepted within his society. As the story goes on Paulus comes back to the shed where Thebedi and the newborn lived; and it stated â€Å"She thought she heard small grunts from the hut, the kind of infant grunt that indicates a full stomach, a deep sleep. After a time, long or short she did not know, he came out and walked away with plodding stride (his fathers gait) out of sight, towards his fathers house† (Clugston, 2010). As the reader reads on the reader develops the understanding that Paulus murdered the newborn that day when he went back to Thebedi’s shed. â€Å"The baby was not fed during the night and although she kept telling Njabulo it was sleeping, he saw for himself in the morning that it wa s dead. He comforted her with words and caresses. She did not cry but simply sat, staring at the door† (Clugston, 2010). After interpretating this part of the story conveys to me that Paulus was actually fearful that the public would find out about the relationship between the two and tries to cover it up as if nothing ever happened between the two of them. Which show’s you how difficult life must have been back then with the racial discriminations. At the very end of this story the police had dug up the baby and brought charges against Paulus for murder. Thebedi up on the stand said â€Å"She cried hysterically in the witness box, saying yes, yes (the gilt hoop ear–rings swung in her ears), she saw the accused pouring liquid into the babys mouth. She said he had threatened to shoot her if she told anyone† (Clugston, 2010). Over a year had gone by when Thebedi returned to the court house; but this time she told the court that â€Å"she said she had not seen what t he white man did in the house† (Clugston, 2010). Because of her testimony â€Å"The verdict on the accused was not guilty(Clugston, 2010).

The nature of health promotion work in midwifery

The nature of health promotion work in midwifery Health promotion is an essential part of a midwives responsibility; the nature of health promotion work in midwifery is geared toward promoting the health of the mother and ensuring an optimum environment for mother and baby (Dunkley, 2000:40). Breastfeeding can be a controversial topic. It can bring about mixed opinions and responses from mothers and midwives. In spite of the message breast is best bottle feeding has become part of the culture in Irelands society. Health promotion is predominately a proactive process. It is a process that is done with people not at people, either on an individual basis or within groups. Participation and partnership are key components of the process (Dunkley, 2000:42). This essay will discuss the unique ability of midwives in their contribution to the health promotion of breastfeeding in Ireland. A general role of midwives is to enthusiastically support and advise a breastfeeding woman. A midwife should help the woman recognise that breastfeeding is a normal life event in every culture. In order to do this a midwife should have a broad knowledge of the anatomy of the breast and sufficient clinical skills. This will ensure the woman receives adequate information and skills on the postnatal ward, or antenatally. Benefits of Breastfeeding Firstly the reason for the promotion in regard to breastfeeding is that apart from being economically friendly, it also holds many benefits for the baby and for the mother herself. Extensive research using improved epidemiological methods and modern laboratory techniques documents diverse and compelling advantages for infants, mothers, families and society from breastfeeding and the use of human milk. (Chalmers Kramer 2001). These advantages include health, nutritional, immunological development, psychological, social, economic and environmental factors (American Academy of Paediatrics, 1997) Human milk lessens the chances of an infants chance of infections and diseases including bacterial meningitis and respiratory tract infections. This is because breast milk contains anti-infective properties. Studies have demonstrated protection from pre-menopausal breast cancer (Buchanan and Sachs, 1998;Enger et al., 1997;Katsouyanni et al., 1996; Michels et al., 1996;UK National Case-Control Study Group, 1993) and pre-menopausal ovarian cancer (Siskind et al., 1997) and a possibility of protection against hip fractures in older age (Department of Health 1998). Breast feeding can also help the mother return to her pre birth weight. Breast milk has been shown to protect babies against gastrointestinal, urinary, respiratory and middle ear infection (Howie et al 1990) and atopic disease if there is a family history of atopy (Burr et al 1989, Oddy et al 1999). Breast milk also contains exactly the right proportion of nutrients a baby requires. From 16weeks gestation the breast will begin to produce a clear fluid known as colostrums. Colostrums is the first feed a breast fed baby will receive. It has higher levels of protein, fat-soluble vitamins and mineral percentages than normal breast milk. It is plentiful in immunoglobulins, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and mononuclear cells which gives it the high levels of protein. Traditional breast milk holds 90% water with 10% proteins, carbohydrate and fats with vitamins and minerals. The primary solid constituent is the fatty acid component that provides 50% of the calorific requirements of the newborn.(Henderson Macdonald, 2004:595). Role of the Midwife The role and responsibility of the midwife is to work with evidence based practice with good communication to provide advice, support, encouragement and education to facilitate the womans ability to breastfeed (preferably with a hands off approach from the midwife (Johnson Taylor 2006:346). Support throughout pregnancy can have a long lasting effect no matter the scale the task may be. A good example of this is the midwives role in health promotion and in supporting women in feeding their babies. (Crafter, 1997). When a woman needs more general sources of advice and social support than those provided through the maternity services, midwives may still play a key role in providing relevant information and advice and referring her to other professionals and organisations for support.(Cooper Fraser 2003:939). If the chosen method of feeding an infant is breastfeeding a mother should expect midwives to assist them in the latching on of the child and in the correct way so it is not painf ul or uncomfortable for the mother. The baby should be brought up to the breast quickly to ensure correct attachment, rather than the breast brought down to the baby which encourages bad maternal posture and poor attachment (RCM, 2002). They must also ensure the baby is obtaining sufficient feeds and that water and artificial baby milk is avoided unless medically necessary. If a mother decides to bottle feed she should, however, expect the same level of support and shown how to make up a bottle feed. Education for a breast feeding mother is essential. In order to prepare the mother for breast feeding, it is more favourable that she understands the process of breastfeeding. The midwife will have a dual role in the first few feeds. First and foremost, she must ensure that the baby is receiving and adequate feed. Secondly the midwife should ensure the mother herself acquires the ability to feed her baby alone. Emotional support by a midwife is important if it is the womans first time breast feeding. Along with physical and emotional support a woman will also require adequate support in the means of information such as leaflets, on a one to one basis, or support groups in the community. A popular support group is La Leche League International. They are non medical breastfeeding counsellors. During the last decade, the average length of hospital stay following birth has been cut almost in half as the health care industry strives to keep costs down; especially in the economic downturn our society is enduring. Women are sent home to grapple on their own and sometimes will not have gotten any advice on breastfeeding from a midwife on the postnatal wards as there is not enough staff and not enough time in the day. Additional support has a positive effect on the womans satisfaction of breastfeeding, demonstrated by a Cochrane database review (Anderson, 1999). La Leche League(LLL) has worked for 35 years offering information and support to women who want to breastfeed, as well as providing continuing education for health care professionals. LLL believes that breastfeeding, with its many important physical and psychological benefits, offers advantages for both mother and child and is the ideal way to initiate healthy family relationships. Midwives should work within The structure set out in the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (Saadeh and Akre, 1996: Woolridge, 1994: WHO, 1998) which are as follows: Have a written breastfeeding policy that is routinely communicated to all the healthcare staff Train all healthcare staff in skills necessary to implement this policy. Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding. Help mothers initiate breastfeeding soon after birth. Show mothers how to breastfeed and how to maintain lactation even if they should be separated from infants. Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated. Practice rooming-in: allow mother and infants to remain together for 24hours a day. Encourage breastfeeding on demand. Give no artificial teats or dummies to breastfeeding infants. Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups and refer mothers to them on discharge from hospital or clinic. In 1991 the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative was set up by UNICEF and WHO, in order for hospitals to encourage and be supportive of breastfeeding women (Ten steps). Mothers should hope to get a high standard of care in all Baby Friendly Hospitals. Hospitals who wish to receive Baby Friendly status must adhere to (WHO 1989). In such a hospital a mother should expect a midwife to assist them in the breast feeding soon after birth. This may occur when skin to skin contact occurs. A baby should remain with his mother at all times. Help given with attaching the baby to the breast soon after birth often results in successful breastfeeding (Hytten,1954). Conclusion The way forward to the successful return of breastfeeding as a cultural normality lies in the roots of prenatal and postnatal education. Different approaches to this may be in hospitals, postnatal wards, schools and the community. The keen attitude and involvement of midwives is vital to the promotion and practice of breastfeeding to ensure the best possible development of infant and child health. Breastfeeding like, like childbirth, empowers women. This power is not societys masculine definition of power meaning authority, money, or material goods. It is the power of nurturance, intimacy and attachment.